sergeogrИзвестия Российской академии наук. Серия географическаяIzvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya2587-55662658-697510.31857/S2587-55662019668-82sergeogr-971Research ArticleПриродные процессы и динамика геосистемNatural Processes and Dynamics of GeosystemsГодовой сток взвешенных наносов реки ЕнисейAnnual Suspended Sediment Load of the Yenisei RiverТананаевН. И.TananaevN. I.TananaevNI@mpi.ysn.ruТейссеренкР. Э.TeisserencR.Ле ДантекО.Le DantecT.Институт мерзлотоведения им. П.И. Мельникова СО РАН; EcoLab, Университет ТулузыРоссияMelnikov Permafrost Institute, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences; EcoLab, Universite de Toulouse, CNRSRussian FederationEcoLab, Университет ТулузыФранцияEcoLab, Universite de Toulouse, CNRSFrance201926122019066882Copyright © Тананаев Н.И., Тейссеренк Р.Э., Ле Дантек О., 20192019Тананаев Н.И., Тейссеренк Р.Э., Ле Дантек О.Tananaev N.I., Teisserenc R., Le Dantec T.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://izvestia.igras.ru/jour/article/view/971

В замыкающем створе р. Енисей, в районе г. Игарка, в 2014–2016 гг. выполнены исследования, включавшие учащенный отбор проб воды для определения мутности. Установлено, что в период половодья наблюдается несколько пиков мутности, не связанных с изменениями расхода воды. Анализ кривых гистерезиса указывает на ведущую роль взмучивания отложившегося за зимнюю межень материала, а также размыва локальных источников – берегов и крупных аллювиальных массивов  – в  формировании этих пиков. На спаде половодья пики мутности связаны с  прохождением волн наносов по притокам Енисея, в  первую очередь  – Нижней Тунгуске. Расчет годового стока взвешенных наносов выполнен для трех лет (2014–2016). Для этого использовались метод кривых транспорта наносов и вычислительная программа LOADEST, разработанная Геологической службой США. Средний за три года объем стока взвешенных наносов составил 8.1 ± 0.5 млн т, что больше средних значений для периода 1970–2001 гг. (от 4.6 до 5.9 млн т), суммарный вынос материала за три года – 24.2 ± 2.1 млн т.

Field studies, including high-frequency sampling for suspended sediment flux estimation, were conducted in 2014–2016 in the city of Igarka, at the outlet of the Yenisei River. During spring freshet of each year, multiple suspended sediment concentration (SSC) peaks were observed, irrelated to water discharge fluctuations. The form of hysteresis loops evidences the importance of input from local in-channel sediment sources, i.e. banks and bedforms, and scouring of bed material, deposited during winter, in observed sharp SSC peaks. On the falling stage of the freshet, longer peaks are related to sediment waves from major tributaries, notably the Nizhnyaya Tunguska River. Annual sediment load was calculated based on the daily water discharge and observed SSC data, using sediment rating curves and LOADEST models as two reference methods. Mean annual suspended sediment load of the Yenisei River in Igarka is estimated at 8.1 ± 0.5 mln t., which significantly exceeds previously published values for the 1970–2001 period, from 4.6 to 5.9 mln t. Cumulative sediment load for 2014–2016 totals 24.2 ± 2.1 mln t.

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