Chorological Problems of Modern Landscape Studies

The description of the spatial structure of a landscape usually comes down to listing the types of morphological units and their area ratios. However, based on a systemic understanding of the landscape, the spatial structure can be considered perfectly described only when the lateral relationships between spatial elements are explained in detail. We provide rationales for the necessity of the transition of landscape science from a simple explanation of spatial differences and relationships to a functional-chorological analysis, which will make it possible to occupy a specific niche among the sciences of natural systems. Based on the materials from the landscape conferences of 2006, 2017, and 2018, priority research topics in spatial organization were established. Their assessment was given in terms of their compliance with the requirements of a systemic approach. We propose a classification of chorological aspects in landscape research. The classification is expected to provide full-fledged systemic content and practical significance for the purposes of territorial planning. The functions of a geocomplex in a higher-rank-order geosystem may differ depending on its size, shape, and spatial context. It is proposed to distinguish 28 functions of geocomplexes or their combinations, which form four groups: function in the f low (relations of the geocomplex with incoming and outgoing abiotic and biotic f lows); shape function (relations of a geocomplex with neighboring geocomplexes or surrounding matrix); dominance function (the role of a geocomplex in the enclosing geosystem, depending on its occurrence); and emergence function (the contribution of a group of geocomplexes to the formation of the emergent property of the higher-rank-order geosystem). Identification of socially significant effects of the relative position of natural complexes and selection of optimal positions; neighborhoods of lands is believed to become a privileged contribution of landscape science to the spatial organization of land use and ecological infrastructure.

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