The Quality of Atmospheric Air of Russian Cities in 1991—2016
https://doi.org/10.31857/S2587-55662019114-23
Abstract
The analysis of quality of atmospheric air in Russian cities for 2000-2016 has been carried out. Four cities (Bratsk, Magnitogorsk, Chita and Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk) during this period almost every year fell into the “black lists” of Roshydromet - of both chronically and extremely polluted cities. As far as regions are concerned, the cities with high level of atmospheric pollution are allocated in Irkutsk oblast, Krasnoyarsk krai, as well as Sverdlovsk and Chelyabinsk oblasts. The leading factors of formation of environmental situation in cities depending on their localization, specialization and population size have been revealed: 1) large industrial emissions and transport emissions; 2) emissions of mostly unidentified sources of pollution; 3) high natural potential of atmospheric pollution; 4) “import” of pollution from external sources due to an unfavorable ecological and geographical location. The author believes that the cardinal solution of the problem of dirty air is possible only on the basis of regulation of territorial development of Russia.
Keywords
cities,
Russia,
atmospheric pollution,
factors of formation of environmental situation,
regional development
Supporting agencies: State assignment number 0148-2019-0008 “Problems and Prospects of Territorial Development of Russia in Conditions of Its Unevenness and Global Instability” (analysis); Program for Basic Research of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences no. 53 for 2018—2020 “Spatial Restructuring of Russia Taking into Account Geopolitical, Socioeconomic, and Geoecological Challenges” (data collection and mapping)
About the Author
N. N. Klyuev
Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Federation
Moscow
Russian Federation
Moscow
References
1. Bezuglaya E.Yu. Meteorologicheskii potentsial i klimaticheskie osobennosti zagryazneniya vozdukha gorodov [Meteorological Potential and Climatic Characteristics of Urban Air Pollution]. Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat Publ., 1980. 184 p.
2. Bityukova V.R. Sotsial'no-ekologicheskie problemy razvitiya gorodov Rossii [Socio-ecological Problems of Urban Development in Russia]. Moscow: LIBROKOM Publ., 2009. 448 p.
3. Veselova V.N. Effects on the atmosphere. In Geografiya Sibiri v nachale XXI v. [Geography of Siberia in the Beginning of the 21st Century], vol. 4: Prirodopol'zovanie [Nature Management]. Novosibirsk: Geo Publ., 2014, pp. 211-226. (In Russ.).
4. Geograficheskoe obosnovanie ekologicheskikh ekspertiz [Geographical Justification of Environmental Assessments], Zvonkova T.V., Ed. Moscow: Mosk. Gos. Univ., 1985. 209 p.
5. Gosudarstvennyi doklad "O sostoyanii i ob okhrane okruzhayushchei sredy Rossiiskoi Federatsii v 2016 g." [The State Report "On the State and Environmental Protection in the Russian Federation in 2016"]. Moscow: Minprirody Rossii, NIA-Priroda Publ., 2017. 760 p.
6. Izrael' Yu.A. The role of monitoring for assessing the real situation and ensuring the environmental balance. In Nauchnye aspekty ekologicheskikh problem Rossii [Scientific Aspects of Russia's Environmental Problems]. Moscow, 2006, pp. 12-16. (In Russ.).
7. Kasimov N.S., Bityukova V.R., Vlasov D.V. Environmental condition of Russian cities. In Geokhimiya landshaftov i geografiya pochv [Geochemistry of Landscapes and Geography of Soils]. Moscow: APR Publ., 2012, pp. 157-185. (In Russ.).
8. Klyuev N.N. Industrial and transport development of the territory of Russia in the post-Soviet period. Geography and Natural Resources, 2018, vol. 39 no. 1. pp. 1-9.
9. Klyuev N.N. Russia on the ecological map of the world. Izv. Akad. Nauk, Ser. Geogr., 2002, no. 5, pp. 5-16. (In Russ.).
10. Kochurov B.I. Geografiya ekologicheskikh situatsii (ekodiagnostika territorii) [The Geography of Environmental Situations (Territory Ecodiagnostics)]. Moscow: Inst. Geogr. RAN, 1997. 156 p.
11. Obzor sostoyaniya i zagryazneniya okruzhayushchei sredy v Rossiiskoi Federatsii za 2016 god [Review of the State and Pollution of the Environment in the Russian Federation for 2016], Chernogaeva G.M., Ed. Moscow: Rosgidromet, 2017. 216 p.
12. Prirodopol'zovanie v territorial'nom razvitii sovre-mennoi Rossii [Environmental Management in the Territorial Development of Russia], Volkova I.N. and Klyuev N.N., Eds. Moscow: Mediapress Publ., 2014. 360 p.
13. Sokolovskii V.G. Atmospheric air of Russia (the end). Ispol'zovanie i Okhrana Prir. Resur. v Rossii, 2005, no. 1, pp. 96-108. (In Russ.).
14. Sturman V.I. Geography of environmental problems in Russian cities. Ekologiya Urbanizirovannykh Territorii, 2007, no. 1, pp. 47-52. (In Russ.).
15. Ekologicheskii atlas Rossii [Ecological Atlas of Russia]. Moscow: Karta Publ., 2002. 128 p.
Graphical Abstract
|
|
1. Города с высоким уровнем загрязнения воздуха в 1991–2016 гг. | |
| Subject | ||
| Type | Исследовательские инструменты | |
View
(311KB)
|
Indexing metadata ▾ | |
|
|
2. Cities with high levels of air pollution in 1991–2016 | |
| Subject | ||
| Type | Исследовательские инструменты | |
View
(305KB)
|
Indexing metadata ▾ | |
- Cities with dirty air are concentrated in the following regions: Baikal and Trans-Baikal areas, southern Siberia, the Middle and Southern Ural, the Moscow–Tula area.
- Four regions (Krasnoyarsk Krai, Irkutsk, Sverdlovsk and Chelyabinsk provinces) account for 27% of the cases of cities with high level of air pollution.
- To meet sanitary standards of air quality in one hundred Russian cities, the harmful emissions are to be reduced not by several per cent, but by several times.
Review
For citations:
Klyuev N.N. The Quality of Atmospheric Air of Russian Cities in 1991—2016. Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya. 2019;(1):14-23. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.31857/S2587-55662019114-23
Views:
1064
Email this article 
