Macrophytobenthos in the Concept of Large Marine Ecosystems: The Southern Seas of Russia

The concept of Large Marine Ecosystems assesses the state and dynamics of long-term changes in qualitative and quantitative indicators of macrophytobenthos (macroalgae and seagrasses) of the Russian southern seas. It is shown that changes in the species composition and spatial distribution of macrophytobenthos of marine ecosystems (the Sea of Azov, the Caspian Sea) are associated with fluctuations in salinity and sea level. For the Caspian Sea northern part (Russian sector) since the early 2000s. there is an increase in the share of sap-robial complex of green and red algae, the expansion of the habitat of Zostera noltii, due to changes in salinity and water level in the reservoir. The greatest destruction of macrophytobenthos in the Black Sea observed in marine estuaries, port areas, including in Novorossiysk Bay. The most resistant to the action of petroleum products are brown algae (Cystoseria), less green (Ulva) and red (Ceramium). Mathematical models of the Northern Caspian water and coastal-water vegetation response to changes in water level and salinity are constructed. These models adequately reflect the ongoing natural processes and allow to predict the impact of climate and anthropogenic load (economic activity) on aquatic biological resources. The necessity of the macrophytobenthos ecosystem “services” assessment for the Russian economy is pointed out.

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