Urban Environment: Ecological Problems and Natural-Anthropogenic System’s Management (from the Perspective of Environmental Geomorphology)

“Urban area” is considered by the authors from the perspective of environmental (anthropogenic) geomorphology as a complex multi-level natural and anthropogenic system and as a land resource for the city development. Studies of the geological and geomorphological environment of the urban territory are aimed at identifying the relationships and dependencies of the urban environment state on these conditions and at developing measures for natural resource use management–choosing the option of land resources use without disrupting the normal functioning of the natural-anthropogenic system. The main object of the study is the territory of Moscow. The relief and the whole complex of relief-forming processes on the city territory determined the severe engineering and geological conditions that significantly affected the architectural and planning decisions, the location of industrial, residential and recreational areas. At the same time, urban development has significantly changed the natural relief of the area, that is everywhere observed within the city and in the adjacent territories. Many small elements and forms of natural relief have been destroyed. At the same time, the artificial relief forms (dams, embankments, ditches, etc.) have been created. A significant change in the structure of natural catchments’ surface and underground runoff is noted. A network of artificial overground (canals, ponds, drainage ditches) and underground (collectors, storm sewerage, drainage network) watercourses and water bodies have been created. In this case, the laws of proportionality of elements and relief forms are violated, the directionality and intensity of the relief-forming processes are substantially changed, that in some cases led and leads to threshold (critical) situations. The analysis of natural and natural-technogenic processes within Moscow area revealed the negative consequences–the degree of geomorphological hazard, its area distribution and changes occurring during in urbanization process. The problems of urban areas land resources management are considered. The authors propose a logical model for managing land (territorial) resources to maintain a favorable urban environment, including monitoring of geological and geomorphological processes, a structure for engineering and geological protection, risk assessment and ensuring public safety.

state of the urban environment, management, land (territorial) resources, communication models, conservation of useful properties, geological and geomorphological conditions, price of urban land

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