Preview

Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya

Advanced search

Spatial Concentration of African Americans in Large Metropolitan Areas of the United States

https://doi.org/10.31857/S2587556620050040

Abstract

The structure of settlement pattern of African Americans in three large United States’ urban agglomerationsAtlanta, Chicago, and New York–was analyzed. The neighborhood of territorial cells (census tracts) was considered. Original method of spatial correlation analysis based on two variables (the number and the share of African Americans) was used. The problem of cartographic distortions related to disproportions of population density was solved. Key features of structure of African Americans’ settlement pattern in urban agglomerations were revealed. The level of concentration is higher in core cities, but in Atlanta the difference is not very big. Areas of concentration tend to be continual over core city borders. Specific structure of African Americans’ settlement pattern was formed in each city. In Atlanta, the structure is monocentric, in Chicago it is quasi-monocentric, and in New York it is polycentric.

About the Author

I. N. Alov
Lomonosov Moscow State University
Russian Federation

Faculty of Geography

Moscow



References

1. Dubnitskaya N.B., Orlov V.N. Mississippi. SShA: Ekonomika, Politika, Ideologiya, 1989, no. 12, pp. 113–121. (In Russ.).

2. Nitoburg E.L. USA: the color barrier in the past and in the present. Novaya i Noveishaya Istoriya, 1997, no. 2, pp. 15–19. (In Russ.).

3. Nitoburg E.L. Afroamerikantsy SShA. XX v.: etnoistoricheskii ocherk [African Americans of the USA. 20th Сentury: an Ethnic-Historical Essay]. Moscow: Nauka Publ., 2009. 583 p.

4. Nitoburg E.L. Negry SShA. XVII – nachalo XX vv.: istoriko-etnograficheskii ocherk [Negroes of the USA. 17th – early 20th Century: a Historical-Ethnographic Essay]. Moscow: Nauka Publ., 1979. 292 p.

5. Nitoburg E.L. Tserkov’ afroamerikantsev v SShA [The Church of African Americans in the USA]. Moscow: Nauka Publ., 1995. 264 p.

6. Nitoburg E.L. Chernye getto Ameriki [Black Ghettos of America]. Moscow: Politizdat Publ., 1971. 160 p.

7. Pavlov Yu.V., Koroleva E.N. Spatial interactions: the measurement based on global and local Moran’s I. Prostranstvennaya Ekonomika, 2014, no. 3, pp. 95–110. (In Russ.).

8. Smirnyagin L.V. Raiony SShA: Portret sovremennoi Ameriki [Regions of the USA: Portrait of the Modern USA]. Moscow: Mysl’ Publ., 1989. 380 p.

9. Smirnyagin L.V. Southeastern Center. SShA: Ekonomika, Politika, Ideologiya, 1989, no. 9, pp. 118–120. (In Russ.).

10. Smirnyagin L.V. South Atlantic states. SShA: Ekonomika, Politika, Ideologiya, 1989, no. 3, pp. 115–118. (In Russ.).

11. Anselin L. Local indicators of spatial association–LISA. Geogr. Anal., 2010, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 93–115.

12. Anselin L., Bera A., Florax R., Yoon M. Simple diagnostic tests for spatial dependence. Reg. Sci. Urban Econ., 1996, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 77–104.

13. Anselin L., Florax R. Small sample properties of tests for spatial dependence in regression models: Some further results. In New Directions in Spatial Econometrics. Anselin L., Florax R., Eds. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1995. 420 p.

14. Anselin L., Getis A. Spatial statistical analysis and geographic information systems. Ann. Reg. Sci., 1992, vol. 26, pp. 19–33.

15. Anselin L., Hudak S. Spatial econometrics in practice, a review of software options. Reg. Sci. Urban Econ., 1992, vol. 22, pp. 509–536.

16. Anselin L., Kelejian H. H. Testing for spatial autocorrelation in the presence of endogenous regressors. Int. Reg. Sci. Rev., 1997, vol. 20, pp. 153–182.

17. Anselin L., Syabri I., Kho Y. GeoDa: An introduction to spatial data analysis. Geogr. Anal., 2006, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 5–22.

18. Beggs. J.J., Villemez W.J., Arnold R. Black population concentration and black-white inequality: Expanding the consideration of place and space effects. Social Forces, 1997, vol. 76, no. 1, pp. 65–91.

19. Brown L.A., Chung S.Y. Spatial segregation, segregation indices and the geographical perspective. Population Space and Place, 2006, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 125–143.

20. Dubin R.A. Spatial autocorrelation and neighborhood quality. Reg. Sci. Urban Econ., 1992, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 433–452.

21. Getis A. Reflections on spatial autocorrelation. Reg. Sci. Urban Econ., 2007, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 491–496.

22. Frey W.H. Diversity Explosion: How New Racial Demographics are Remaking America. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2014. 224 p.

23. Hutchison R. Encyclopedia of Urban Studies. SAGE, 2009. 1052 p.

24. Iceland J., Wilkes R. Does socioeconomic status matter? Race, class, and residential segregation. Social Problems, 2006, vol. 53, no. 2, pp. 248–273.

25. Johnston R.J. Urban Residential Patterns: An Introductory Review. London: G. Bell and Sons, 1971. 380 p.

26. Johnston R.J., Manley D., Jones K. Spatial scale and measuring segregation: illustrated by the formation of Chicago’s ghetto. Geo J., 2018, vol. 83, no. 1, pp. 73–85.

27. Johnston R.J., Poulsen M., Forrest J. The comparative study of ethnic residential segregation in the USA, 1980–2000. Tijdschr. Econ. Soc. Geogr., 2004, vol. 95, no. 5, pp. 550–569.

28. Kelejian H.H., Robinson D.P. Spatial autocorrelation: A new computationally simple test with an application to per capita county police expenditures. Reg. Sci. Urban Econ., 1992, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 317–331.

29. Lee S.-I. Correlation and spatial autocorrelation. In Encyclopedia of GIS. Shekhar S., Xiong H., Zhou X., Eds. Springer, 2017. 2507 p.

30. Lloyd C.D. Exploring population spatial concentrations in Northern Ireland by community background and other characteristics: An application of geographically weighted spatial statistics. Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci., 2010, vol. 24, no. 8, pp. 1193–1221.

31. Logan J.R., Alba R.D., Zhang W.Q. Immigrant enclaves and ethnic communities in New York and Los Angeles. Am. Sociol. Rev., 2002, vol. 67, no. 2, pp. 299–322.

32. Logan J.R., Zhang W., Chunyu M.D. Emergent ghettos: Black neighborhoods in New York and Chicago, 1880–1940. Am. J. Sociol., 2015, vol. 120, no. 4, pp. 1055–1094.

33. Massey D.S., Denton N.A. American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass. Harvard University Press, 1993. 312 p.

34. Massey D.S., Denton N.A. The dimensions of residential segregation. Social Forces, 1988, vol. 67, no. 2, pp. 281–315.

35. Poulsen M., Johnston R., Forrest J. The intensity of ethnic residential clustering: Exploring scale effects using local indicators of spatial association. Environ. Plan. A, 2010, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 874–894.

36. Wacquant L. Urban Outcasts: A Comparative Sociology of Advanced Marginality. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2008. 360 p.


Supplementary files

1. PDF
Subject
Type Исследовательские инструменты
Download (3MB)    
Indexing metadata ▾

Review

For citations:


Alov I.N. Spatial Concentration of African Americans in Large Metropolitan Areas of the United States. Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya. 2020;84(5):694–703. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.31857/S2587556620050040

Views: 499


ISSN 2587-5566 (Print)
ISSN 2658-6975 (Online)