Distribution of Rare and Threatened Algae Species in the Russian Federation

The species of algae listed in the national and regional Red Data Books were analyzed. Currently, 265 algae species are protected in the Russian Federation, of which 35 species have federal protection status and 259 species have a regional status. It was determined that the percentage of all protected species of algae in the total diversity of algae in Russia is ~2.3% (for protected species at the federal level 0.3% and the regional level 2.2%). Habitats of 77% of the total algae species diversity listed in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation are concentrated in the Far East of Russia, and 46% are found in the coastal sea area of the representativeness of the existing system of protected areas to algae protected at the federal level is 74%. An assessment of the species diversity of systematic groups of protected algae has been carried out. 66.7% of species protected at the federal level are Rhodophyta; 8.6%, Chlorophyta; 5.7%, Charophyta; and 20.0%, Phaeophyceae; among the species protected at the regional level, 18.5% are Cyanobacteria; 25.1%, Rhodophyta; 10.8%, Chlorophyta; 21.6%, Charophyta; 12.4%, Phaeophyceae; 1.5%, Xanthophyceae; 1.2%, Chrysophyceae; 8.5%, Bacillariophyta; and 0.4%, Haptophyta. The locations of all algae species listed in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation and the quantitative composition of various systematic groups of algae species listed in regional red lists are displayed on the maps. The cartographic material demonstrates the irregularity of the spatial distribution of protected at the federal and regional levels algae species in Russia. The northwestern part of the European part of Russia, the Far East and Black Sea regions stand out by protected species diversity. Algae are not listed in the regional Red Data Books of the 50 subjects of the Russian Federation. The problems of algae red lists compilation are considered. The attention is focused on the extreme importance of the regional red lists formation.

1. Afanas’ev A.A., Avdeeva E.V. Botanika: sistematika vodoroslei i gribov [Botany: Systematics of Algae and Fungi]. Voronezh: Voronezh. Gos. Univ., 2011. 42 p.

2. Botanika. Kurs al’gologii i mikologii [Botany. The Course of Algology and Mycology]. Moscow: Mosk. Gos. Univ., 2007. 559 p.

3. D’yakov Yu.T. Vvedenie v al’gologiyu i mikologiyu [Introduction to Algology and Mycology]. Moscow: Mosk. Gos. Univ., 2000. 192 p.

4. Flint V.E. Strategiya sokhraneniya redkikh vidov v Rossii: teoriya i praktika [Strategy for Conservation of Endangered Wildlife Species in Russia]. Moscow: Mosk. Zoopark, 2004. 376 p.

5. Gavrilo M.V., Martynova D.M. Conservation of rare species of marine flora and fauna of the Russian Arctic National Park, included in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation and in the IUCN Red List. Nat. Conserv. Res. Zapovednaya Nauka, 2017, no. 2 (1), pp. 10–42. (In Russ.). doi 10.24189/ncr.2017.017

6. Georgiev A.A., Belyakova G.A., Chudaev D.A., Georgieva M.L., Gololobova M.A. New record of red alga Thorea hispida (Thore) Desv. (Rhodophyta) in the Moskva River. Vestn. Mosk. Univ., Ser. 16: Biol., 2018, vol. 73, no. 1, pp. 38–42. (In Russ.).

7. Komulainen S.F. Freshwater algae in Red Data Books: state and problem. Tr. Karel’skogo Nauchn. Tsentra Ross. Akad. Nauk, 2009, no. 1, pp. 57–61. (In Russ.).

8. Komulainen S.F., Chekryzheva T.A., Vislyanskaya I.G. Al’goflora ozer i rek Karelii. Taksonomicheskii sostav i ekologiya [Algoflora of Lakes and Rivers of Karelia. Taxonomic Composition and Ecology]. Petrozavodsk: Karel’skii Nauchn. Tsentr Ross. Akad. Nauk, 2006. 81 p.

9. Krasnaya kniga Respubliki Buryatiya [The Red Data Book of the Republic of Buryatia]. Ulan-Ude: Buryatskii Nauchn. Tsentr Ross. Akad. Nauk, 2013. 688 p.

10. Krasnaya kniga Rossiiskoi Federatsii (rasteniya i griby) [The Red Data Book of the Russian Federation (Plants and Fungi)]. Moscow: KMK Publ., 2008. 885 p.

11. Prisyazhnaya A.A., Khrisanov V.R., Mitenko G.V., Snakin V.V. Mapping of rare species of lichens. Ispol’zovanie i Okhrana Prirodnykh Resursov v Rossii, 2016, no. 2, pp. 79–84. (In Russ.).

12. Prisyazhnaya A.A., Kruglova S.A., Khrisanov V.R., Snakin V.V. Algea in the regional Red Data Books. Ispol’zovanie i Okhrana Prirodnykh Resursov v Rossii, 2019, no. 1, pp. 81–88. (In Russ.).

13. Prisyazhnaya A.A., Kruglova S.A., Khrisanov V.R., Snakin V.V. Distribution of rare and threatened species of Bryophytes within the territory of Russia. Vestn. Mosk. Univ., Ser. 5: Geogr., 2019, no. 1, pp. 11–18. (In Russ.).

14. Prisyazhnaya A.A., Snakin V.V., Mitenko G.V., Khrisanov V.R. Calculation and mapping of protected species of plants and animals. Geodesiya i Kartografiya, 2016, no. 2, pp. 30–37. (In Russ.).

15. Rasteniya i lishainiki goroda Petrozavodska (annotirovannye spiski vidov) [Plants and Lichens of the City of Petrozavodsk (Annotated Lists of Species)]. Petrozavodsk: Petrozavodskii Gos. Univ., 2010. 208 p.

16. Romanov R.E. The new records of rare algae species in streams and reservoirs of West Siberia South. II. Chrysophyta, Bacillariophyta. Rastitel’yi Mir Aziatskoi Rossii, 2015, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 3–7. (In Russ.).

17. Romanov R.E., Chemeris E.V., Vishnyakov V.S., Chepinoga V.V., Azovskii M.G., Kuklin A.P., Timofeeva V.V. Chara strigosa (Streptophyta: Charales) in Russia. Botan. Zh., 2014, vol. 99, no. 10, pp. 1148–1161. (In Russ.).

18. Romanov R.E., Chemeris E.V., Zhakova L.V., Ivanova A.V., Palagushkina O.V. Charae algae (Charales, Charophyceae) of the middle Volga region (Russia): synopsis of species and assessment of the need for protection. Nat. Conserv. Res. Zapovednaya Nauka, 2018, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 1–20. (In Russ.).

19. Safonova T.A., Shaulo S.P. New and rare algae species for Western Siberia. Turczaninowia, 2006, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 102–108. (In Russ.).

20. Sviridenko B.F., Sviridenko T.V., Efremov A.N., Tokar’ O.E., Evzhenko K.S. Rare species of macroscopic algae of the West Siberian Plain. In Gidrobotanika 2015 [Hydrobotany 2015]. Yaroslavl: Filigran’ Publ., 2015, pp. 41–45. (In Russ.).

21. Tishkov A.A. Actual biogeography as a methodological basis for the conservation of biodiversity. Vopr. Geogr., 2012, vol. 134, pp. 15–57. (In Russ.).

22. Tul’chinskaya O.V., Safonovaó T.A. New and rare alga species from water bodies of the Kuznetsk Hollow. Sib. Ekol. Zh., 2003, no. 4, pp. 411–414. (In Russ.).

23. Zhigadlova G.G. Macrophyte seaweeds of specially protected natural territories of Eastern Kamchatka (biodiversity, systematics, biology, rational use). Extended Abstract of Cand. Sci. (Biol.) Dissertation. Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy: Kamchatka Branch of the Pacific Institute of Geography FEB RAS, 2007. 20 p.