Crater and Caldera Lakes of Far East of Russia: Morphology of Basins and Dynamic of Development
https://doi.org/10.31857/S2587556622020054
Abstract
Based on the results of a set of field and cameral work data on the structural features of the basins and the dynamics of development of 15 crater and caldera lakes in the Kuril-Kamchatka region were obtained and analyzed. Their main morphometric characteristics were calculated. It was found that the group of caldera lakes is less homogeneous in all morphometric parameters. It was revealed that the basins of water bodies of the same genetic type on the Kuril Islands and Kamchatka are similar in shape and depth, but the absolute heights of Kamchatka water bodies are generally higher than those of the Kuril ones, however, as is often the size of the basins. The study of 10 lakes using the modern digital echolocation survey technique made it possible to reveal the specific features of the morphology of the basins of each of the groups. It was found that the basins of a number of caldera lakes in the region are complicated by explosive funnels, extrusive or effusive domes with traces of hydrothermal activity; their parameters were identified. An important distinguishing feature of many volcanic lakes is the possibility of rapid changes in their main characteristics (shape, volume, temperature, chemical composition of water, etc.) over a wide range, which is due to the peculiarities of the functioning of nearby volcanic centers. According to these parameters, volcanic lakes can be divided into: 1) very dynamic young lakes located in the craters of active volcanoes or active calderas in their immediate vicinity; 2) more stable, relict water bodies in the calderas of dormant or extinct volcanoes. The results of repeated observations after several decades made it possible to calculate the approximate rates of change in the levels of some lakes. It was found that the rate of fluctuations in the levels of caldera lakes is generally lower than that of crater lakes. The rate of growth of the underwater dome, discovered by the authors in 2016 in Lake Shtyubel (Ksudach caldera, Kamchatka), was determined.
About the Authors
D. N. Kozlov
Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics FEB RAS
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
E. V. Lebedeva
Institute of Geography RAS
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Moscow
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For citations:
Kozlov D.N., Lebedeva E.V. Crater and Caldera Lakes of Far East of Russia: Morphology of Basins and Dynamic of Development. Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya. 2022;86(2):204-219. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.31857/S2587556622020054
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