Assessment and Forecast of Nutrient Loading from the Russian Part of the Zapadnaya Dvina River Basin to Belarus
https://doi.org/10.31857/S2587556622020042
Abstract
Total nitrogen and phosphorus loading to the territory of the Republic of Belarus with the transboundary rivers of Zapadnaya Dvina basin (Zapadnaya Dvina, Kasplya, Svolnya, Usvyacha, Ushcha rivers) was evaluated based on materials of the state water bodies monitoring. It has been revealed that interannual changes in loading are mainly determined by the river runoff volume. This allowed assessing volumes of total nitrogen and phosphorus loading in years of different water yield. In the research basin, total nitrogen and phosphorus loading from point sources is 1–2% of the entire loading. Assessing the diffuse loading was carried out based on statistical data on land use within the basin, 2016. According to this data, 88% of the underlying surface is natural, and only 12% is anthropogenically altered. At the current level of water resources use and the existing landscapes, the total nitrogen loading to the hydrographic network of the basin is 4290 tons/year, at 95% runoff probability, and 11600 tons/year in high water years, at 5% probability; and 430 and 4300 total phosphorus tons/year, respectively. Natural sources make the main contribution, more than 60% of the total loading. Total nitrogen loading varies 2070 to 5710 tons/year at 95% and 5% runoff probability; and total phosphorus – 359 to 959 tons/year. The projections, based on the planned changes in agricultural production, subject to the introduction of the best available technologies, have shown an insignificant increase in nutrient loading to water bodies of the Russian part of Zapadnaya Dvina basin and a corresponding increase in their removal to Belarus up to 2%.
About the Authors
V. Yu. GeorgievskyRussian Federation
St. Petersburg
L. P. Alekseev
Russian Federation
St. Petersburg
A. Yu. Bryukhanov
Russian Federation
St. Petersburg
D. V. Georgievsky
Russian Federation
St. Petersburg
P. A. Golosovsky
Russian Federation
St. Petersburg
E. A. Grek
Russian Federation
St. Petersburg
V. V. Kostko
Russian Federation
St. Petersburg
O. M. Kuznetsova
Russian Federation
St. Petersburg
T. G. Molchanova
Russian Federation
St. Petersburg
N. S. Oblomkova
Russian Federation
St. Petersburg
T. V. Fuksova
Russian Federation
St. Petersburg
References
1. Брюханов А.Ю. Методы проектирования и критерии оценки технологий утилизации навоза, помета, обеспечивающие экологическую безопасность: Дис. … д-ра техн. наук. СПб.: Санкт-Петербургский аграрный ун-т (ФГБУ ВО СПб ГАУ), 2017. 440 с.
2. Брюханов А.Ю., Кондратьев С.А., Обломкова Н.С., Оглуздин А.С., Субботин И.А. Методика определения биогенной нагрузки на водные объекты от сельскохозяйственного производства // Технологии и технические средства механизированного производства продукции растениеводства и животноводства. 2016. № 89. С. 175–183.
3. Кокорев А.В., Рождественский А.В., Лобанова А.Г. Программные средства автоматизации инженерных гидрологических расчетов // Руководство пользователя HydroStatCalс. 2011. http://www.hydrology.ru/ru/content/rukovodstvo-polzovatelya-programmy-hydrostatcalc
4. Кондратьев С.А. Моделирование абиотических процессов в системе водосбор-водоем. СПб.: Нестор-История, 2010. 116 с.
5. Методические рекомендации по технологическому проектированию систем удаления и подготовки к использованию навоза и помета // РД-АПК 1.10.15.02-17. М., 2017. 167 с.
6. Ресурсы поверхностных вод СССР. Гидрологическая изученность. Л.: Гидрометеоиздат, 1963. Т. 5. Белоруссия и Верхнее Поднепровье. 304 с.
7. Степанова Е.В. Геоэкологическое обоснование предельных уровней экспорта биогенных элементов с территорий стран бассейна Балтийского моря: Дис. … канд. геогр. наук. СПб.: Рос. гос. гидрометеорол. ун-т (РГГМУ), 2009. 223 с.
8. Brandt M., Ejhed H., Rapp L. Nutrient loads to the Swedish marine environment in 2006. Report 5995. Stockholm: Swedish environmental protection agency, 2009. 95 p. ISBN 978-91-620-5995-8.pdf.
9. Pitkänen H. Eutrophication of the Finnish coastal waters: origin, fate and effects of riverine nutrient fluxes // National Board of Waters and the Environ. Helsinki: Publications of the Water and Environment Research Institute, 1994. № 18. 44 p.
Review
For citations:
Georgievsky V.Yu., Alekseev L.P., Bryukhanov A.Yu., Georgievsky D.V., Golosovsky P.A., Grek E.A., Kostko V.V., Kuznetsova O.M., Molchanova T.G., Oblomkova N.S., Fuksova T.V. Assessment and Forecast of Nutrient Loading from the Russian Part of the Zapadnaya Dvina River Basin to Belarus. Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya. 2022;86(2):243-254. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.31857/S2587556622020042