A Multi-Scale Approach to Identifying Spatial Inequality in Russia as Incentive and Obstacle in Development

The article discusses the main concepts that characterize spatial inequality (uneven development, concentration, polarization, fragmentation, shrinking of socio-geographic space) in domestic and foreign literature as applied to the problems of modern Russia. Russian geographers pay much attention to both interregional and intraregional inequality, as well as to their links with natural, historical, economic, demographic, and institutional factors. On the vast and unevenly developed territory of Russia, with its natural contrasts and different results of post-Soviet transformations, spatial inequality has become one of the main characteristics of socio-geographic space. On the one hand, inequality facilitates the country’s development by focusing its population and economic activities in certain regions and cities where the agglomeration effects are great; on the other hand, it narrows the space for the development, leaving no chance for other territories. The article uses official statistical information on regions and municipalities to analyze the cumulative effects of the shrinking socio-economic space along the North-to-South, East-to-West, and center−periphery axes. The inequality of the old-developed regions from the Central Russia to the Urals is shown in more detail, taking into account the historically inherited and new geographical differences. The results are presented in the form of thematic and complex (typological) maps, drawn by subjects of the Russian Federation, municipal and urban districts. Foci and growth factors are identified against the background of peripheralization and lagging of other areas. The research leads the authors to the conclusion about the significant inertia of the Russia’s spatial development, the stability of the endogenous factors structuring its space under all changes, including post-Soviet ones.

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