Studying and Estimating Temporary Mobility and Population Pulsations in Space of Modern Russia

The paper summarizes recent studies by Russian researchers on various types of temporary mobility and related temporal population pulsations. It is shown that the practice of their study in Russia is in line with the key areas of research on the spatiotemporal population dynamics currently developing abroad. The methodology of commuting studies is enriched, the first research studies on the event-related mobilities tend to appear. Forms of mobility specific to Russia are also being actively studied, including dacha migration (in many respects close to international studies of migration to second homes) and otkhodnichestvo. In addition to objective trends associated with the growth of population mobility, the rapid growth of research interest stems from the expansion of information and the resource base on temporary mobility, including agricultural census materials, information from mobile operators, interpretation of satellite images, etc. The review of certain types of mobility provides estimates of the scale of their distribution in Russia, intensity, and rhythmic patterns and summarizes key factors (spatial, social, labor, etc.). The content of the approaches used by Russian authors is revealed, the results obtained by referring to special methods of studying temporary mobility and the mechanisms of its dynamics are given. The main directions, methodological barriers, and challenges of future studies of mobility and pulsations, including the need to research territories with the greatest intensity of temporary migrations, have been identified. The potential for using methods to analyze temporal population pulsations in relation to the spatiotemporal variability of settlement systems is shown. In particular, the case of the Moscow metropolitan region demonstrates the basic laws of polyrhythmic pulsation mechanisms, leading to maximum variability (involving up to 40% of the permanent population). The theory of population pulsations is at the formation stage: despite the development of the first models of pulsating settlement systems, including the pulsating urban agglomeration model, many of their quantitative parameters still remain informal.

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