Assessment of Soil Respiration with the Raich−Hashimoto Model: Parameterisation and Prediction

Respiration or emission of CO₂ from soil is the most powerful outgoing f lux of carbon in terrestrial ecosystems, which makes its accurate assessment and prediction one of the most important biospheric goals. Among the multitude of regression models evaluating soil respiration, we chose the accessible and widespread T&P (Raich-Hashimoto) model, which was applied to describe the available long-term series of observations of CO₂ emissions in ecosystems of the southern taiga and forest-steppe of the European part of Russia. The objects of the study were different local biotopes: meadow steppe, young fallow, and ash forest on typical chernozems of Kursk oblast, spruce forest, and its decay areas on sod-podzols, and peat bog soils in Novgorod oblast. According to the results of parameterization, the rates of soil respiration at 0^оC were 1.06 to 1.54 times higher than the initial values of the Reich-Hashimoto model, the power coefficients of temperature function were 1.04 to 1.41 times greater, while the coefficients of dependence on precipitation were changed in 0.87 to 0.99 times for both geographic subzones. The corrected versions of the model showed good convergence with the results of field measurements in estimates of annual respiration rates. According to the predictions, under the current rate of increase of air temperature and the current precipitation, CO₂ emissions from sod-podzols in Novgorod oblast will increase by 1.4–2.9% over 10 years, while respiration of typical chernozems in Kursk oblast will increase by 0.3–3.8%. The model shows good plasticity with respect to zonal soil types and specific ecosystems, and it is suitable for long-term forecast and retrospective analysis of annual CO₂ soil efflux.

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