Features of the Distribution of Waste and Return Water in European Russia

The features of the spatial and temporal distribution of industrial and household waste and return (after irrigation) waters in the European part of the country are considered. The study is based on the data of water management statistics for the constituent entities of Russia and federal districts. Shown is their contribution to the total volume of waste and return water in the European part of the country. The specific indicators of waste and return waters are calculated—the ratio of their volume to the value of river runoff, the area of the region, and the population. The structure of water use is shown taking into account five federal districts, which revealed the predominance of water use for industrial needs in comparison with irrigation and household and drinking needs. The share of polluted wastewater in the total amount of wastewater in the context of federal districts and subjects has been calculated. The predominance in most cases of polluted waste and return water in their total amount compared with the normatively treated is shown. The multiplicity of dilution of wastewater by the resources of the total river runoff was calculated, which may reflect the degree of pollution of water bodies. The features of spatial differentiation are determined, for example, an increase in the load on water resources in the direction from north to south. A decrease in the overall water intake and the volume of waste and return waters in recent decades has been revealed, which, judging by the frequency of their dilution by the general resources of river flow (local and transit), did not contribute to a radical improvement in the quality of water in rivers and reservoirs.

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