The Climate of Zonal Plain Landscapes of Russia during the Modern Global Warming in Summer

Changes in climate parameters and surface characteristics were considered between 1961–1990 and 1991– 2020 climate periods on the plains of the European part of Russia and Western Siberia in different landscape zones in summer. Zonal landscapes with a significant change in climate parameters in the 1991–2020 period of warming were identified, connections between changes of climate parameters and landscape characteristics were determined, climate trends of parameters in particular landscape zones were considered. In the 1991–2020 summer period of warming, significant changes in climate parameters were identified in subboreal landscapes from forest steppe to semi-desert on the European part of Russia. A pronounced warming, a decrease of precipitation total, evaporation and soil water are noted. In Western Siberia in arctic and boreal landscapes, a warming in June and August is observed, which led to an increase of evaporation and soil draining. In boreal landscapes of the European part of Russia and subboreal landscapes of Western Siberia, significant changes in climate parameters did not occur. The analysis of connection between evaporation with soil water and temperature with precipitation in landscape zones indicates about its reliance on landscape zone. Temperature has the most impact on evaporation and topsoil water, it is positive in arctic and boreal landscapes and negative in subboreal ones. Precipitation has the most positive impact in subboreal landscapes. In boreal landscapes, a significant temperature rise may be insufficient for a significant increase of evaporation, apparently due to the impact of dense vegetation cover with a slow heat exchange. In subboreal landscapes, a significant temperature rise leads to a significant negative response of evaporation due to a quick heat exchange.

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