Sikhote-Alin: A Mountain Territory with Unique Potential for the Green Development

Ideas about green economy and green development are closely linked to the sustainable development paradigm. In the 1970s, the Club of Rome for the first time formulated the main provisions of the model of sustainable development, which implies ensuring high environmental quality and maintaining sufficient natural resource potential for the long term. Various aspects of green and sustainable development acquire their meaningful expression only at the regional level. It is within a certain territory that least generalized assessments of natural resource potential and both the anthropogenic impact on nature components and their spatially differentiated consequences, assessment of the permissible change level and conservation of vegetation cover and biodiversity in general are possible. It is proposed to consider the green development at the regional level as one of the stages of the sustainable development. Sikhote-Alin is a unique mountain territory, where there are natural resource, economic, social and ecological-geographical conditions for forming and ensuring green economy and green development. At the same time, the green development of the Sikhote-Alin is considered as such a socio-economic development of the mountainous territory, where technogenic, anthropogenic impacts on the environment are minimized and high biodiversity of landscapes is preserved. Within the mountain system of Sikhote-Alin, in general, it is proposed to allocate three green development territories, Northern, Central and Southern, based on the similarity of natural resource structures and economic activities. These territories should have a special status to stimulate environmentally friendly economic activities, with the introduction of environmental restrictions and the achievement of rational nature management in general. The organization of monitoring of the green development territories is proposed.

1. A guidebook to the Green Economy – Issue 1: Green Economy, Green Growth, and Low-Carbon Development – history, definitions and a guide to recent publications. Division for Sustainable Development. UNDESA, 1992. 64 p.

2. Andrea J.J., Burns C., Touza J. Renewable Energy as a Luxury? A Qualitative Comparative Analysis of the Role of the Economy in the EU’s Renewable Energy Transitions During the “Double Crisis”. Ecol. Econ., 2017, vol. 142, pp. 81–90.

3. Baklanov P.Ya. Dal’nii Vostok Rossii: Problemy i perspektivy ustoichivogo razvitiya [The Far Eastern Region of Russia: Problems and Prerequisites for Sustainable Development]. Vladivostok: Dalnauka Publ., 2001. 144 p.

4. Baklanov P.Ya. Territorial’nye struktury khozyaistva v regional’nom upravlenii [Territorial Structures of the Economy in Regional Management]. Moscow: Nauka Publ., 2007. 239 p.

5. Baklanov P.Y. Monitoring of Regional Nature Management. Geogr. Nat. Resour., 2021, vol. 42, pp. 195–201. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1875372821030057

6. Baklanov P.Ya., Moshkov A.V., Badenkov Yu.P., Bocharnikov V.N., Egidarev E.G. Territories of Green Development. Geogr. Nat. Resour., 2022, vol. 43, pp. 201– 211. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1875372822030015

7. Baklanov P.Ya., Poyarkov B.V., Karakin V.P. Natural and economic zoning of the territory: general concept and initial principles. Geogr. Prirodn. Resur., 1984, no. 1, pp. 7–15. (In Russ.).

8. Bersenev I.I., Sokhin V.K. Geomorphology. In Geologiya SSSR. Primorskii Krai. T. 32. Ch. 1 [Geography of the USSR. Primorsky Region. Vol. 32. Part 1]. Moscow: Nedra Publ., 1969, pp. 613–628. (In Russ.).

9. Bobylev S.N., Porfiriev B.N. In search of a new economy. Vestn. Mosk. Univ., Ser. Econ., 2019, no. 4, pp. 3–7. (In Russ.).

10. Bocharnikov V.N., Rosenberg V.A. The Sikhote-Alin Natural Complex as a World Heritage Site. Vestn. DVO RAN, 1996, no. 5, pp. 43–51. (In Russ.).

11. Bocharnikov V.N., Egidarev E.G. Wild nature as a strategic element of the space of Russia. Astrakhan. Vestn. Ecol. Obraz., 2017, no. 2, pp. 11–21. (In Russ.).

12. Bochko V.S., Nekrasov A.A. Green economy: theory of the question. Zh. Econ. Teorii, 2014, no. 1, pp. 244–248. (In Russ.).

13. Dulal H.B., Dulal R., Yadav P.K. Delivering Green Economy in Asia: The Role of Fiscal Instruments. Futures, 2015, vol. 73, pp. 61–77.

14. Glazyrina I.P. The thorny path of the “green” economy. ECO, 2020, no. 9, pp. 8–23. (In Russ.).

15. Karakin V.P. Small-scale natural and economic zoning of the Pacific coast of Russia according to the natural conditions of development. Tikhookean. Geogr., 2020, no. 1, pp. 59–69. (In Russ.).

16. Khabarovskii krai i Evreiskaya avtonomnaya oblast’: opyt entsiklopedicheskogo geograficheskogo slovorya-spravochnika [Khabarovsk Krai and the Jewish Autonomous Region: An Experience Encyclopedia of Geographical Words]. Khabarovsk: Vostok-press Publ., 1995. 327 p.

17. Koptyug V.A., Matrosov V.M., Levshov V.K., Demyanko Yu.G. Ustoichivoe razvitie tsivilizatsii i mesto v nei Rossii. Problemy formirovaniya natsional’noi strategii [Sustainable Development of Civilization and the Place of Russia. Problems of Forming a National Strategy]. Vladivostok: Dal’nauka Publ., 1997. 83 p.

18. Korytny L.M. Basseinovaya kontseptsiya v prirodopol’zovanii [Basin Concept in Nature Management]. Irkutsk: Inst. Geografii SO RAN Publ., 2001. 161 p.

19. Kotlyakov V.M., Glazovsky N.F., Rudenko L.G. Geographical approaches to the problem of sustainable development. Izv. Akad. Nauk, Ser. Geogr., 1997, no. 6, pp. 8–15. (In Russ.).

20. Lipina S.A., Agapova E.V., Lipina A.V. Razvitie “zelenoi” ekonomiki v Rossii [Development of the “Green” Economy in Russia]. Moscow: LENAND Publ., 2018. 328 p.

21. Lovins A.B. Soft Energy Paths: Toward a Durable Peace. Cambridge, Mass: Ballinger Publ., 1977. 231 p.

22. Lund H. The state of district heating of the 4th generation: research and results. Energetika, 2018, no. 164, pp. 147–159. (In Russ.).

23. Meckling J., Hughes L. Protecting Solar: Global Supply Chains and Business Power. New Polit. Econ., 2018, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 88–104.

24. Minakir P.A., Demyanenko A.N. Spatial economics: evolution of approaches and methodology. Prostranstv. Econ., 2010, no. 2, pp. 6–32. (In Russ.).

25. Mirzekhanova Z.G. Implementation of the conceptual provisions of the “green” economy model in the Russian Far East. Environmental background. Econ. Reg., 2020, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 449–463. (In Russ.).

26. Pearce D., Markandya A., Barbier E.B. Blueprint for a Green Economy. London: Earthscan, 1989. 192 p.

27. Porfiriev B.N. “Green” economy: global development trends and prospects. Vestn. RAN, 2012, vol. 82, no. 4, pp. 323–332. (In Russ.).

28. Rosenberg G.S., Kudinova G.E. On the way to a “green” economy (getting acquainted with the UNEP report to Rio + 20). Biosfera, 2012, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 245–250. (In Russ.).

29. Sikhote-Alinskii biosfernyi raion: ekologicheskie issledovaniya. Sb. nauch. trud. [Sikhote-Alinsky Biosphere Area: Ecological Research. Collection of Scientific Publications]. Petropavlovskiy B.S., Astafyev A.A., Eds. Vladivostok: DVNTs Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1985. 153 p.

30. Sorensen B. Preobrazovanie, peredacha i akkumulirovanie energii. Uchebno-spravochnoe rukovodstvo [Transformation, Transmission and Accumulation of Energy. Educational and Reference Manual]. Moscow: ID Intellekt Publ., 2011. 296 p.

31. Sotsial’no-ekonomicheskoe polozhenie munitsipal’nykh obrazovanii. Stat. sb. [Socio-Economic Situation of Municipalities. Statistical Handbook]. Vladivostok: Primorskstat Publ., 2020. 130 p.

32. Strategiya territorial’noi organizatsii khozyaistva Primorskogo kraya [Strategy of Territorial Organization of the Primorsky Territory Economy]. Baklanov P.Ya., Romanov M.T., Eds. Vladivostok: DVO Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1991. 260 p.

33. Sustainable Development and cyclic economy informatization. Wehong C., Baklanov P.Ya., Eds. Beijing: Science and Technology of China Publ., 2009. 512 p.

34. United Nations (2017) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017, Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (A/RES/71/313).

35. Vukovich N.A. “Green” economy: definition and modern ecological and economic model. Vestn. Ural. Federal. Univ., Ser. Econ. Upravl., 2018, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 128– 145. (In Russ.).

36. Yang J., Zhang F., Jiang X., Sun W. Strategic Flexibility, Green Management, and Firm Competitiveness in an Emerging and Social Change. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change, 2015, vol. 101, pp. 347–356.

37. Zelenaya ekonomika i tseli ustoichivogo razvitiya dlya Rossii [Green Economy and Sustainable Development Goals for Russia]. Bobylev S.N., Kiryushin P.A., Kudryavtseva O.V., Eds. Moscow: Mosk. Univ. Publ., 2019. 284 p.