Features of Transformation of the Natural Waters’ Composition with Changes in the Humidity of Landscapes of the Valdai Hills

The results of 5‑year observations in the warm season of the year (from mid‑April to early November) on the chemical composition of natural waters in the system atmospheric precipitation — undertree water — soil water during a change in the precipitation regime in the catchment area of Gusinoe Lake on the Valdai Hills are summarized. According to Selyaninov’s hydrothermal moisture coefficient, three periods of moisture supply were identified: dry, sufficient hydration, and excess hydration. The article examines the distribution of precipitation intensity during the inter‑sampling periods. Changing periods of moisture does not affect the type of precipitation and undertree water (hydrocarbonate type I, according to Alekin), however, the predominant cation changes from calcium to potassium. The dry period is characterized by maximum mineralization values in the system atmospheric precipitation — unedtree water — soil water, which is due to the washing away of a large amount of dust accumulated in the ground air and settled on the crowns of trees. During the period of excess moisture, the lowest values of mineralization of atmospheric precipitation and sub‑canopy waters are observed (6.2 and 8.3 mg/L, respectively). When the dry period is overly humidified, the pH value of atmospheric precipitation decreases, and the redox potential increases. The change in the pH values of soil waters is influenced by the content of organic acids (correlation coefficient = 0.8). It was revealed that during the dry period and the period of excessive moisture, the intake of calcium into soil waters mainly determines the biotic factor, as well as the intake of potassium in the subsystem undertree waters — soil waters.

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