BIOCLIMATIC SYSTEM OF KURIL ISLANDS
https://doi.org/10.7868/S2587556618030093
Abstract
The causal mechanisms of the known geographical phenomenon of insular extratropical Neo-Pacific, i.e., the general descent of the boundaries of altitudinal bioclimatic zones and the southward shift of natural zones on islands compared to the neighboring continents, are discussed. The phenomenal feature of bioclimatic system at the stage of insular landscape formation is the direct subordination of phytobiota to vertical hydrothermal gradients. All the above is conditioned by the domination of transpiration part in thermal balance and ensures the survival of insular ecosystems of the boreal Neo-Pacific under unfavorable conditions of cold oceanicity. It is shown that new types of ecological systems of South Kuril Islands arose in the early Pleistocene, when the cover of the wet taiga forests with ancient (Eopleistocene) well-developed soil had been formed that allows us to consider this period the beginning of the evolutionary processes in the vegetation of these islands.
About the Author
E. G. Kolomyts
Institute of Ecology of the Volga River Basin, Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Federation
Togliatti
Russian Federation
Togliatti
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1. Схемы высотной поясности Среднего Сихотэ-Алиня и вулкана Менделеева на острове Кунашир | |
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2. The schemes of altitudinal zonality in the Middle Sikhote-Alin and the Mendeleev Volcano on the Kunashir Island | |
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- The empirical-statistical models of the insular-arc stage of continental biosphere formation in the Northwestern Pacific were developed by the example of the active Mendeleev Volcano on the Kunashir Island (the South Kuril Ridge).
- The study showed the simultaneous reduction and compression (compared to the continent) of the entire spectrum of altitudinal zonality, which almost completely (from the forest belts to the subgoltsy belt) fit within the low-mountain layer of macrorelief.
- Direct subordination of phytobiota to vertical hydrothermal gradients forms a system of future altitudinal zonality of the continent already within a framework of low-mountain island-arc landscape.
- The productivity of the forest communities of insular Neo-Pacific in the south of the boreal belt is aimed mainly at the production of green biomass. It significantly accelerates the biological cycle and contributes to the survival of forest ecosystems under unfavorable conditions of ‘cold’ oceanicity.
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For citations:
Kolomyts E.G. BIOCLIMATIC SYSTEM OF KURIL ISLANDS. Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya. 2018;(3):79-90. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.7868/S2587556618030093
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