RECONSTRUCTION OF CONDITIONS OF FORMATION OF THE EUTROPHIC PEATLAND DEPOSITS IN SOUTH OF THE TAIGA ZONE OF WESTERN SIBERIA

The paleoecological study of the peat deposit of the floodplain terrace eutrophic peatland located in south of the taiga zone of Western Siberia was carried out. The work is based on an integrated approach including the following methods: radiocarbon dating, macrofossil analysis, rhizopod analysis, humification degree and physico-chemical characteristics of humic acids of peats. Comparison of the results obtained by different methods allowed us to reconstruct the history of the development of floodplain terrace eutrophic peatland determined by the local hydrological, geomorphological and geochemical conditions on the background of climate change. At the first stage of development, the peatland was often flooded by the river, which provided additional introduction of mineral matters and followed by increased ash content of peat. Then the influence of the river had weakened, and the growth of the peat deposit was more determined by the factors of endogenous peat bog formation and the level of surface hydrological runoff. This led to the formation of peats with normal ash content; hygrophytic grasses were replaced with sedges and hypnum plant assemblages. The eutrophic peatland showed the highest sensitivity to climate change over the last 8500 years. It is confirmed with synchronous variations of surface wetness in different bogs of the study area.

1. Alekseeva M.N., Preis Y.I., and Dyukarev E.A. The spatial structure of terrestrial vegetation cover and the type of the upper layer of peat of northeastern spurs of Great Vasyugan Bog on the remote and land-based data. Izv. TPU, 2015, vol. 326, no. 4, pp. 81–90. (In Russ.).

2. Arkhipov S.A. and Volkova V.S. Geologicheskaya istoriya, landshafty i klimaty pleistotsena Zapadnoi Sibiri [Geological History, Landscapes and Climates of the Pleistocene of Western Siberia]. Novosibirsk: JIGGM SB RAS, 1994. 105 p.

3. Baryshnikov M.K. Sedge-hypnum Mires of the Western Vasygan. Bjull. Instituta Lugovoi i Bolotnoi Kul’tury Im. Prof. V.R. Vil’yamsa, Moscow, 1929, pp. 1–38. (In Russ.).

4. Bolotnye sistemy Zapadnoi Sibiri i ikh prirodookhrannoe znachenie [Mires of Western Siberia and their Conservation Value], Liss O.L, Abramova L.I., Avetov N.A., Berezina N.A. et. al., Eds. Tula: Grif i K Publ., 2001. 584 p.

5. Veretennikova E.E., Kurina I.V., Il’ina A.A., and Savel’ev V.V. Palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of a Holocene peat bog ridge-hollow complex in the south of Western Siberia. Vest. Tomskogo Gosudarstvennogo Univ., Biologiya, 2014, no. 3 (27), pp. 6–22. (In Russ.).

6. Volkova V.S. and Belova V.A. On the role of broadleaved species in the Holocene vegetation in Siberia, In Paleopalinologiya [Paleopalynology]. Moscow: Nauka Publ., 1980, pp. 112–117. (In Russ.).

7. Glebov F.Z. Vzaimootnosheniya lesa i bolota v taezhnoi zone [Relations between Forests and Peatlands in Taiga Zone]. Novosibirsk: Nauka Publ., 1988. 184 p.

8. Glebov F.Z., Karpenko L.V., Klimanov V.A., and Mindeeva T.N. Paleoecological study of peat core in the watershed of the Ob and the Vasyugan. Sib. Ekol. Zhurn., 1996, no. 6, pp. 497–504. (In Russ.).

9. Glebov F.Z., Karpenko L.V., Klimanov V.A., Mindeeva T.N. Paleoecological analysis of peat core “Nazin” (middle taiga subzone of Western Siberia). Sib. Ekol. Zhurn., 2001, no. 6, pp. 683–688. (In Russ.).

10. GOST 11306-83, Torf i produkty ego pererabotki, Metody opredeleniya zol’nosti (GOST 11306-83. Peat and its products. Methods for determination of ash).

11. Dergacheva M.I. Humic substances as a source of information about the environment of formation. Izv. Agrarnoi Nauki, 2011, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 57–61. (In Russ.).

12. Dergacheva M.I. and Zykina V.S. Organicheskoe veshchestvo iskopaemykh pochv [The Organic Matter of Paleosoils]. Novosibirsk: Nauka Publ., 1988. 129 p.

13. Dergacheva M.I., Nekrasova O.A., Okoneshnikova M.V., Vasil’eva D.I., Gavrilov D.A., Ochur K.O., and Ondar E.Ye. Ratio of Elements in Humic Acids as a source of information on the environment of soil formation. Sib. Ekol. Zhurn., 2012, no. 5, pp. 667–676. (In Russ.).

14. Ivanov K.E. Vodoobmen v bolotnykh landshaftakh [Water Exchange in the Mire Landscapes]. St. Petersburg: Gidrometeoizdat Publ., 1975. 280 p.

15. Kats N.Y. Tipy bolot SSSR i Zapadnoi Evropy i ikh geograficheskoe rasprostranenie [Types of Peatlands in the Soviet Union and Western Europe and their Geographical Distribution]. Moscow: Geografgiz Publ., 1948. 320 p.

16. Kats N.Y., Kats S.V., and Skobeeva N.I. Atlas rastitel’nykh ostatkov v torfakh [Atlas of Plant Residues in Peat]. Moscow: Nedra Publ., 1989. 376 p.

17. Kovaleva N.O. Soils as an indicator of climate change for last 30 thousand years in the mountainous areas of Central Asia. Doklady po Ekologicheskomu Pochvovedeniyu, 2006, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 1–20. (In Russ.).

18. Landshafty bolot Tomskoi oblasti [Mire Landscapes of Tomsk Region], Evseeva N.S., Ed. Tomsk: NTL Publ., 2012. 400 p.

19. Liss O.L. and Berezina N.I. Bolota Zapadno-Sibirskoi ravniny [Peatlands of the West Siberian Plain]. Moscow: Moscow St. Univ., 1981. 208 p.

20. Liss O.L., Berezina N.A. and Kulikova G.G. Age of peatlands in the central part of the West Siberian Plain. In Prirodnye usloviya Zapadnoi Sibiri [Natural Conditions of Western Siberia]. Moscow: MSU, 1976, no. 6, pp. 69–85. (In Russ.).

21. Lishtvan I. I. and Korol’ N. T. Osnovnye svoistva torfa i metody ikh opredeleniya [The Main Properties of Peat and Methods of their Determination]. Minsk: Nauka i tehnika Publ., 1975. 320 p.

22. Lvov Yu.A. The nature and the mechanisms of eutrophication in Tomsk region. In Teoriya i praktika lesnogo bolotovedeniya [Theory and Practice of Forestry Peatlands Study]. Krasnoyarsk, 1976, pp. 36–44. (In Russ.).

23. Rakhleeva A.A. and Korganova G.A. On the estimation of abundance and species diversity of testate amoebae (Rhizopoda, Testacea) in boreal soils. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 2005, vol. 84, no. 12, pp. 1427–1436. (In Russ.).

24. Minkina C.I. Some features of low-power peat deposits in edges of peatlands. In Trudy Instituta lesa [Forest Research Institute Proceedings]. Moscow: AN SSSR Publ., 1955, vol. 31, pp. 157–166. (In Russ.).

25. Nikonov M.N. The origin and composition of the ash peat in forest zone. In Trudy instituta lesa AN SSSR [Proceedings of the Forest Research Institute, Ac. Sc. USSR]. Moscow: Lesnaya promyshlennost Publ., 1955, pp. 135–152. (In Russ.).

26. Orlov D.S. Gumusovye kisloty pochv i obshchaya teoriya gumifikatsii [Humic Soil Acidsand General Theory of Humification]. Moscow: Moscow St. Univ., 1990. 325p.

27. Preis Yu.I. and Kurina I.V. Paleoreconstruction of high resolution according to a multi-proxy study of peat deposits of the southern taiga of Western Siberia. In Issledovanie prirodno-klimaticheskikh protsessov na territorii Bol’shogo Vasyuganskogo bolota [The Study of Natural and Climatic Processes on the Territory of Great Vasyugan Bog], Kabanov M.V., Ed. Novosibirsk: SB RAS, 2012, pp. 14–38. (In Russ.).

28. Tyuremnov S.N., Largin I.F., Efimova S.F., and Skobeeva E.I. Torfyanye mestorozhdeniya i ikh razvedka [Peat Deposits and their Exploration]. Moscow: Nedra Publ., 1977. 264 p.

29. Ufimceva K.A. Pochvy yuzhnoi chasti taezhnoi zony Zapadno-Sibirskoi ravniny [Southern Taiga soils of the West Siberian Plain Area]. Moscow: Kolos Publ., 1974. 202 p.

30. Khramov A.A., Valutsky V.I. Lesnye i bolotnye fitotsenozy Vostochnogo Vasyugan’ya [Forest and Peatland Plant Communities of the East Vasyugan]. Novosibirsk: Nauka Publ., 1977. 224 p.

31. Blundell A. and Barber K. A 2800-year palaeoclimatic record from Tore Hill Moss, Strathspey, Scotland: the need for a multi-proxy approach to peat-based climate reconstructions. Quaternary Science Reviews, 2005, no.24, pp. 1261–1277.

32. Blyakharchuk T.A. Western Siberia, a review of Holocene climatic changes. Journal of Siberian Federal University, Biology, 2009, no. 1 (2), pp. 4–12.

33. Chambers F.M., Blackford D.W., and Yu Z. Methods for determining peat humification and for quantifying peat bulk density, organic matter and carbon content for palaeostudies of climate and peatland carbon dynamics. Mires and Peat, 2011, vol. 7 (2010/11), pp. 1– 10.

34. Loisel J. and Garneau M. Late Holocene paleoecohydrology and carbon accumulation estimates from two boreal peat bogs in eastern Canada: Potential and limits of multy-proxy archives. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol., 2010, no. 291, pp. 493–533.

35. Mitchell E.A.D., Charman D.J., and Warner B.G. Testate amoebae analysis in ecological and paleoecological studies of wetlands: past, present and future. Biodivers Conserv, 2008, no. 17, pp. 2115–2137.

36. ter Braak C J.F. and van Dam H. Inferring pH from diatoms: a comparison of old and new calibration methods. Hydrobiologia, 1989, no. 178, pp. 209–223.