EXTREME AND SPECIFIC MANIFESTATIONS OF CHANNEL PROCESSES: CONCEPTS, CLASSIFICATIONS, ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
https://doi.org/10.7868/S2587556618010034
Abstract
This paper represents definitions of extreme and specific manifestations of channel processes and reviews relationships between themselves and connections with extreme or extraordinary hydrological situations. The main sign for referring channel processes as extreme is the anomaly of their manifestation, which is reflected in extremely high rates and duration of development (significantly exceeding the mean maximum values), unexpectedness of occurrence and difficulties or impossibility of forecasting. Specific channel processes occur in conditions of channel formation, which differ from typical for a river or rivers in the region and have limited distribution. Criteria provided to characterize the extremality or specificity of the manifestations of channel processes, their qualitative and quantitative assessments, as well as the analysis of hydrological, geological, geomorphological and anthropogenic factors of their origin and development are given. The spatial scale of manifestations, their frequency, negative social and economic consequences and the possibility of prevention are considered. An approach to the classification of extreme and specific channel processes and the evaluation of their risk to economic activity is proposed. Typical examples of extreme and specific manifestations of channel processes in various temporal and spatial scales and natural zones are shown.
Keywords
channel processes,
hazardous hydrological conditions,
extremality,
specificity,
regional manifestations,
channel deformations
Supporting agencies: Russian Foundation for Basic Research (projects no. 15-05-05515, 16-35-00567): Russian Foundation for Basic Research and China State Foundation for Natural Sciences (project no. 16-55-53116), and Russian Science Foundation (project no. 14-17-00155).
About the Authors
Roman S. Chalov
Moscow State University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Faculty of Geography
Moscow
D. I. Shkolnyi
Moscow State University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Faculty of Geography
Moscow
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Graphical Abstract
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1. The area of extreme banks erosion during the period from 1975 to 201 | |
| Subject | The area of extreme banks erosion during the period from 1975 to 2017 on a river with free meandering, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia | |
| Type | Исследовательские инструменты | |
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Indexing metadata ▾ | |
- Extreme processes are characterized by rates and duration of development, far exceeding the mean maximum values.
- Specific processes occur in conditions that are different from those typical for a given natural zone, region, river or channel form.
- The classification of extreme processes in terms of scale, frequency, dangerous consequences and other factors.
- Typical examples of the various natural forms of extreme and specific processes.
Review
For citations:
Chalov R.S., Shkolnyi D.I. EXTREME AND SPECIFIC MANIFESTATIONS OF CHANNEL PROCESSES: CONCEPTS, CLASSIFICATIONS, ASSESSMENT CRITERIA. Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya. 2018;(1):31-41. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.7868/S2587556618010034
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