FISHERY OF THE SOVIET UNION IN THE BLACK SEA IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY: PERIOD OF PROSPERITY (1950–1988)
https://doi.org/10.7868/S2587556618020085
Abstract
The scientific, legal and economic prerequisites of development and golden age of the Black Sea fishery in the Soviet Union in the second half of the 20th century prior to “perestroika” (reconstruction) and demise of theSoviet Union have been investigated. From 1950 to 1988 the total annual fish production in the Black Sea by the Soviet Union increased from 32200 t (the early 1950s) to 56000 t (end of the 1950s), 60000–70000 t (1960s), 75000–96000 t (the early 1970s), 150000 t (end of the 1970s), 200000–250000 t (the 1980s). Based on the geographic and ecological analysis of fishery resources, the catch structure and production output of the main fishery objects were estimated; the periods with predominance of different highpriority fishery objects were identified; the mechanisms, chronology and causes of their change (succession) were established: Black Sea anchovy and small scad (1945–the early 1950s); bonito, large scad, bluefish, chub mackerel and some low-abundant but valuable by their tastiness fish species, including surmullet, mullets, sturgeons, Black Sea turbot (the early 1950s – the late 1960s); Black Sea anchovy, sprat, small scad, Black Sea whiting, spiny dogfish, skates (1970–1985). The economic and ecological consequences of natural and anthropogenic changes, which resulted in crisis of fishery industry in 1989–1991 and its transition to depressive state in the late 20th century, were assessed.
Keywords
the Black Sea,
golden age of fishery,
periods of fishery,
high-priority fishery objects,
natural factors,
economic activity,
ecological consequences
Supporting agencies: Russian Science Foundation (project no. 14-50-00095)
About the Authors
D. Ya. Fashchuk
Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences;
Institute of Oceanology
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Dmitrii Ya. Fashchuk
Moscow
M. I. Kumantsov
Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Mikhail I. Kumantsov
Moscow
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- Between 1950 and 1988, the soviet fishing industry in the Black Sea reached its heyday: the annual catch of fish increased from 32.2 thousand tons up to 250 thousand tons. The share of coastal fishing in domestic fishery reduced from 64.3% to 6%.
- Intensive fishing, hydrotechnical construction on the large rivers of the Azov-Black Sea basin and natural fluctuations led to a reduction in the populations of some fish species and their replacement by other species.
- According to the scale of fish catches and priority objects, the history of the Black Sea fishing industry in the second half of the 20th century can be divided into 4 periods.
Review
For citations:
Fashchuk D.Ya., Kumantsov M.I. FISHERY OF THE SOVIET UNION IN THE BLACK SEA IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY: PERIOD OF PROSPERITY (1950–1988). Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya. 2018;(2):86-102. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.7868/S2587556618020085
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