THE MATERIALS OF GENERAL LAND SURVEY AS A SOURCE OF CARTOGRAPHIC INFORMATION FOR LAND USE CHARACTERISTICS IN THE BALAKHNA UEZD OF NIZHNY NOVGOROD GUBERNIA

Based on the analysis of materials of the General Land Survey and Soil map ofNizhny Novgorodprovince (gubernia) features of land use in Balakhna uezd in the 18th century were studied. The characteristic of the cartographic materials of the General Land Survey containing information about natural resources use is given, the table of the conventional signs of this period is provided. Methods of field researches of land surveying and the related distortions in the created images are described. The algorithm of serial preparation of historical maps and work with digital materials and methods of the GIS analysis is given. It is shown that in the Balakhna uezd ofNizhny Novgorodgubernia nine types of land grounds were allocated. The territory of the uezd in the second half of the 18th century was plowed more than for 30%, forest occupied a half of the area, swamp – over 10%. Agriculture in a northern part of the uezd, where about a half of the territory accounted for arable lands, was most developed, and other part was occupied by the forest. Arable lands settled down on the most favorable soils – it is, according to the Soil map of 1886, light loams, floodplain soils, sandy loams and clay sands, that corresponds on the Soil Russian Soviet Federated Socialistic Republic map of 1988 to gray forest, soddy podzolic, soddy podzolic iron illuvial and floodplain soils.Forestin the uezd occupied quartz and clay sands (soddy podzolic, soddy podzolic iron illuvial soils, podzols), partly marsh and floodplain soils.

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